Berezkin Analytical Catalogue · Motif

J54 — The last female escapes.

77 Myths, legends and folktales
77 Unique narratives for motif J54
52 Cultures & traditions where J54 is told
2 Sub-motifs of motif J54
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Source data for narratives and traditions is drawn from Berezkin’s Analytical Catalogue. If you use this data, please acknowledge and link to it: Ю.Е. Березкин, Е.Н. Дувакин. Тематическая классификация и распределение фольклорно-мифологических мотивов по ареалам. Аналитический каталог.

Summary of motif

Overview

The heroes of the narrative exterminate animals or demons of a certain species. This species could have disappeared altogether if one or more individuals (often a pregnant female) had not been saved. {This motif does not include aetiological endings, according to which the current creatures of a certain species originate from a dismembered original creature}.

Berezkin category: Avenger heroes: The amerinday cycle

This is of motif type Cosmology and etiology and is part of group 7, Etiology of plants and animals and of their peculiar features, particular animals as protagonists of cosmological stories, metamorphoses, weather and calendar.

J54 has 2 other sub-motifs

Related

J54.  The heroes of the narrative exterminate animals or demons of a certain species. This species could have disappeared altogether if one or more individuals (often a pregnant female) had not been saved. {This motif does not include aetiological endings, according to which the current creatures of a certain species originate from a dismembered original creature}.
J54a.  Two women, both or one of whom are animal characters, live together and have children. One of them kills and eats the other or is about to do so. The son of the murderer kills his mother for this, remains the sworn brother of the son of the murdered woman, or the children of the murderer and the victim run away together. Cf. motif J54B.
J54b.  The antagonist's son and the hero are half-brothers or full brothers (uncle and nephew; sworn brothers). When the antagonist tries to destroy the hero, the antagonist's son takes the hero's side.

🌐 See a combined distribution map for all of J54’s motifs

Top 10 motifs with similar dispersal patterns

Phylogeny
MotifSimilarityMotif summary
I22F93.16%The character must pass small objects (trees, logs, blades) that constantly collide and diverge, fall and rise.
H2891.89%A creature that has been killed and destroyed (often burned) (usually a cannibal, a ferocious animal, or a powerful shaman) turns into stinging insects or other harmful, unpleasant, or dangerous creatures.
I1688.91%Early humans have no mouth, anus, or genitals, and their women are unable to give birth.
L1488.56%People bring a small creature (usually a worm or reptile) into their home and raise it, or it settles into a man-made dwelling on its own. The creature turns into something terrifying or magnificent. See motif L13 (raised monster attacks people).
K1088.51%A monstrous bird (bat) attacks people, heroes engage in battle with it. See motifs K10A – K10G.
E888.50%The first humans or the wife of the first ancestor were made of wood.
G13A88.32%Before the advent of cultivated plants (fire, hunting skills), people ate earth, clay, and stones.
I1788.25%Creatures without mouths, anuses, or genitals, unable to give birth, live underground, in the sky, across the sea, or in certain areas. (Traditions describing women unable to give birth are marked with an asterisk*).
I8F88.12%The sky, the world rests on a single object (a pillar or tree).
G2387.90%The origin of various (more than two) creatures or objects is explained by the metamorphosis of a living creature or part of its body. {Only texts of an aetiological nature are taken into account. For statistical purposes, all texts with motifs G23A and G23B are also included in motif G23}.

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Map of motif dispersal

Distribution

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Traditions

52 recorded

This motif has been recorded in 52 traditions: Kikuyu, Chuka, Embu, Emberre, Mwimbe, Maka (Makaa), Baya, Kaka, Tiv, Bamum (Bamun), Mungaka (Mgaka, Bali), Beba, Anaguta, Bete (Mbete, Karang), Ekoi, Nyang, Vute (Wute), Jukun, Chamba, Bamileke, Kwotto, Kirri; Denya (Nyang), Yoruba; incl Ife), Nupe, Bini (Edo), Engenni, Chamba, Dakka, Kukuruku, Sangir Islands, Northern Halmahera Papuans: Galela, Loda, Pagu, Modole, Tabaru (Tobaru), Tobelo, Tidore, Ternate, Toraja (Toradja), To Mori, Baree (=Eastern Toraja), Bali, Lombok, Bidayuh (incl. Maloh), Iban (Sea Dayak), Sakarram; Brunei, Northern Munda of Kharwar branch: Birhor, Ho, Mundari, Kol, Asur (including Agaria, Kol, Birjhia), Bhumij, Eastern Arunachal Pradesh: Abor (incl Minyong, Shimong, Padam, Pasi, Panggi), Apa Tani (Apatani), Bori, Bugun, Dafla (=Nyishi, Nisi, Nishing, incl Tagin), Gallong (=Galo, Adi), Mishmi, Chin-Naga: Ao, Mao, Sema, Zeme, Kolren, Kom, Lhota, Rengma, Angami, Kabui, Tangkhul, Koirenf, Garo (Atchik), Kachari (Bodo, incl. Lalung), Dimasa, Tripuri, Riang (of Tripura), Khami, Riga, Mori, Kuki, Chiru, Falam (Hallam), Chin (Meitei =Manipuri, Khami, =Kumi), Lakher, Mizo (Lushei), Anal, Pawi (Lai), Purum, Koireng, Milhiem, Kolhen, Mru, Gondi (mostly Northern Gondi), Setu, Vepsians, Karachays, Balkar, Oirats (incl Torgouts, Derbets, Oilots), Central Yakuts (Sakha), Tungus (Evenki): Baikal region, Evenks, Tungus (Evenki) of China (Solon, Birar, Oroqen, Manegir), Evenks, Tungus (Evenki): Russian Far East, Evenks, Forest (Upper Kolyma) Yukaghir, Dogrib, Slavey, Han, Tutchone, Athna, Tanana, Gwich'in (Kuchin, Loucheux), Blackfoot, Klamath, Modoc, Yana, Mono (Monache), Choco: Embera, Nonama (Waunana), XVI century Dabaiba, pre-Columbian iconography of Sinu, Waiwai, Wayapi, Emerillon, Napo (Quijo), Kanelo (β€œJungle Kechua”), Zaparo, Shuar, Achuar (Shiwiar), Baniwa (incl. Wakuenai), Bare, Piapoco, Curripaco, Siusi, Guarikena , Tariana, Yagua, Amuesha, Machiguenga, Piro (Yine), Bolivian Guarani: Chiriguano (including assimilated Chane Arawaks), Pauserna (=Guarasu), Guarayu, Tapiete, Siriono, Makka, Guarani of Paraguay and Brazil: Caygua, Mbia, Apapocuva, Nyandewa, Chiripa, Upper Chinook: Wasco, Wishram, Clackamas, Kathlamet, Northeastern Yakuts (Sakha): Yana, Indigirka and Kolyma Basins

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